An intriguing autopsy case of gangrene intestine

Hypothyroidism, or myxedema, is the clinical syndrome that results from decreased production of T4 and T3.Most patients have primary hypothyroidism .The etiology of adult primary hypothyroidism includes autoimmune hypothyroidism (Hashimoto’s thyroiditis), post – ablation after radio-active iodine, thyroid surgery and drugs such as Amiodarone and Lithium. Manifestations are variable and proportionate to the degree and duration of thyroid hormone deficiency as well as age of onset. The presence of goiter is common in younger patients (Hashimoto’s) but often absent in the elderly. Clinical features of hypothyroidism are insidious and often missed, particularly in the elderly

An intriguing autopsy case of gangrene intestine

Background Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is one of the most common causes of hypothyroidism. Hypothyroidism is a known cause of hyperlipidemia. There is a strong correlation between coronary and mesenteric vessel atherosclerosis. Acute mesenteric ischemia is a cause of intestinal hemorrhagic infarction. Case history We present an autopsy case of 35-year-old male who presented with features of obstruction and edema with previously undetected hypothyroidism. Conclusion Hypothyroidism associated with atherosclerosis can lead to fatal intestinal gangrene as corroborated by this autopsy case. Key words –Hypothyroidism, intestinal gangrene, autopsy, atherosclerosi

Sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation of spleen: an uncommon benign lesion of spleen

SANT (sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation) is a rare benign vascular tumour of spleen. SANT can mimic benign and malignant conditions of spleen. There are no definite radiological features. It has characteristic histopathology and immunohistochemistry findings which help us to differentiate it from other angiomatoid and tumor-like lesions. Splenectomy is the treatment of choice as it is diagnostic and therapeutic at the same time. We present a case of 22 years female with left upper quadrant pain since, 2 months. Magnetic Resonance Imaging revealed well-defined hypodense mass measuring 6.3×6.1×5.8cm in the spleen, with provisional diagnosis of hemangioma. Laproscopic splenectomy was done and a diagnosis of SANT was made on histology and immunohistochemistry. This case shows us that SANT should be considered in the differential diagnosis of splenic solid lesions

Myxoid degeneration of leiomyoma-a masquerader

Uterine leiomyomas are one of the most common benign lesions in the uterus. The lesion can vary in size from a few millimetres to centimetres, location, its presentation and degeneration. They are easy to diagnose clinically with the help of available imaging techniques. Myxoid degeneration is an uncommon degeneration and has to be kept as a differential diagnosis as it mimics uterine sarcoma. Histopathology and Immunohistochemical analysis help in confirming the diagnosis. Here is a patient in reproductive age group who presented with rapidly growing abdominal mass in a span of 1 year with a prior surgical history of myomectomy. Pre-operative imaging was inconclusive for benign etiology and possibility of uterine leiomyosarcoma could not be ruled out. She was hence counselled for a laparotomy with a frozen section to prevent extensive surgery. Myxoid degeneration is not a common degeneration of leiomyoma with a reported incidence of 10% while the incidence of uterine leiomyosarcoma is less than 1% in reproductive age group. Even though rare, myxoid degeneration should be considered as a differential diagnosis of rapidly growing uterine mass with inconclusive pre-operative imaging

Classification of Mammogram Images by Using SVM and KNN

Breast cancer is a fairly diverse illness that affects a large percentage of women in the west. A mammogram is an X-ray-based evaluation of a woman's breasts to see if she has cancer. One of the earliest prescreening diagnostic procedures for breast cancer is mammography. It is well known that breast cancer recovery rates are significantly increased by early identification. Mammogram analysis is typically delegated to skilled radiologists at medical facilities. Human mistake, however, is always a possibility. Fatigue of the observer can commonly lead to errors, resulting in intraobserver and interobserver variances. The image quality affects the sensitivity of mammographic screening as well. The goal of developing automated techniques for detection and grading of breast cancer images is to reduce various types of variability and standardize diagnostic procedures. The classification of breast cancer images into benign (tumor increasing, but not harmful) and malignant (cannot be managed, it causes death) classes using a two-way classification algorithm is shown in this study. The two-way classification data mining algorithms are utilized because there are not many abnormal mammograms. The first classification algorithm, k-means, divides a given dataset into a predetermined number of clusters. Support Vector Machine (SVM), a second classification algorithm, is used to identify the optimal classification function to separate members of the two classes in the training dat

Langerhans cell histiocytosis of liver

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare disorder of unknown etiology caused by proliferation of Langerhans cells. It can involve single organ system to multi organ systems and clinical presentation is variable depending on the organ involved and have different prognosis. LCH is common in children when compared to adults. Hepatic involvement in adults is relatively rare. Liver involvement has considerable impact on survival rates. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry provide the definitive diagnosis. Authors report a case of Langerhans cell histiocytosis in a young adult with hepatic involvement

Using Support Vector Machine For Classification And Feature Extraction Of Spam In Email

We provide an overview of recent and successful content-based e-mail spam filtering algorithms in this article. Our main focus is on spam filters based on machine learning and variants influenced by them. We report on significant ideas, methodologies, key endeavors, and the field's current state-of-the-art. The initial interpretation of previous work demonstrates the fundamentals of spam filtering and feature engineering in e-mail. We finish by looking at approaches, procedures, and evaluation standards, as well as exploring intriguing offshoots of recent breakthroughs and proposing directions of future research

A case of natural conception after uterine artery embolization

Our objective of this case report is to highlight the value of uterine artery embolization as a means of conservative management of uterine arteriovenous malformation in patients wanting preservation of fertility. A 24 years old woman, P1L1A2 presented with complaints of heavy menstrual bleeding for two months. She had a previous term caesarean section in 2014, followed by curettage twice, in 2016 and 2017. The first episode of heavy bleeding occurred two months after the last curettage. Previous menstrual cycles were regular with moderate flow. The patient was started on combined oral contraceptive pills but she did not respond to medical treatment. Transvaginal scan and Doppler showed uterine AVM and endometrial thickness of 7.7mm. Beta hCG was less than 1.2. Digital subtraction angiography and bilateral uterine artery embolization was done. Patient conceived spontaneously a year after the procedure and delivered a healthy baby at term by elective caesarean section. Angiography and uterine artery embolization has revolutionized the management of AVM and contrary to popular belief, the pregnancy outcome after UAE was good

Screening and Optimization of Physical Parameters for Enhanced Alkaline Protease Production by Alkaliphilic Bacillus Subtilis SH2 Isolate

The present investigations dealt with the optimization of the physical parameters for production of alkaline protease by alkaliphilic Bacillus subtilis SH-2 isolated from slaughter house soil of Warangal, Telangana State, India. Primary screening of four different samples revealed one potent isolate. Morphological and Biochemical characterization followed by Molecular signature of 16s rRNA homology confirmed that the isolate SH-2 belongs to Bacillus subtilis. Bacillus subtilis SH-2 was screened on four different reported mediums (M1213, M660, Horikoshi and Halophilic Bacillus medium) under shake culture conditions. Maximum alkaline protease production (500 EU/ml) obtained on M1213 and Horikoshi mediums. Further optimization of physical parameters by OVAT method revealed that mean generation time (41.18 min), 4% level inoculum, incubation time 72 hrs, pH 10, temperature 350C and agitation 150 rpm are ideal for enzyme production. OVAT method resulted in 2.2 fold increased production of alkaline protease production (1100 EU/ml)

Isolation And Characterization Of Microorganisms From Pesticide Treated Soils Of Different Regions Of Telangana

This investigation is carried out to identify the microorganisms for the pesticide treated soil samples collected from different places of Warangal District, Telangana. The identification was based on morphological, physiological and biochemical. Randomly five samples from one village haven selected. The type and amount of pesticide used by the farmers have been noted. With reference to the results of morphological, physiological and biochemical, we identified 10 bacterial genus namely, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Streptomyces, Rhizobium, Klebsiella, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Azatobacter Azospirillum, Actinomycetes and 06 fungal genus namely,  Aspergillus, Penicillium, Trichoderma, Fusarium, Rhizopus and Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhiza have been predominantly identified from all the samples collected